Prophet Muhammad ﷺ مُحَمَّد‎‎ (A True Leader, Humanitarian and Mentor for Mankind).

Our Beloved Prophet Muhammad ﷺِ(Abu Al-Qasim أبو القاسم) was a man who transformed the life of Arabs with his teachings and actions. These companions of Muhammad ﷺِand their disciples became the leaders of the world in all areas. These and provided many systems like formation of police, started system of stipends to poor, founder of education system, establishment of diwan (register of warriors' pension), office of the judge, postal system, developed all areas of mathematics, made new discoveries in science, physics, engineering, optics, astronomy, construction, economics and agriculture.

Before the Muhammad ﷺِthe Arabs society was the most man dominating society in the world. The women have no right to own or inherit property, on themselves or children. Female infanticide was a proud and female infants were berried alive. The guardian have sole right to arrange marriage without her consent. 

These Arabs never acknowledged any authority other than chief of tribes.  and his the kindest creation of Allah (God), is our inspiration towards kindness and seeking knowledge. Hisﷺ kindness can be viewed by the statement on the day of Conquest of Makkah (فتح مكة‎): "Even he, who enters the house of Abu Sufyan will be safe, he who lays down arms will be safe, he who locks his door will be safe". Note that Abu Sufyan was the leader of Quraish and Makkah and opposed the Prophet Muhammad ﷺand the leader of Quraish in Battle of Uhud and Trench against Muslims.

The peaceful religion of Islam bought by the last Prophet Muhammad ﷺbelieved in humanity, respect and good knowledge. Some of the teachings of Islam and Muhammad ﷺare below for consideration.

Teaching Humanity

Allah says in Quran:

أَنَّهُ مَن قَتَلَ نَفْساً بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسَادٍ فِى الاٌّرْضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعاً وَمَنْ أَحْيَـهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا أَحْيَا النَّاسَ جَمِيعاً (القرآن – المائدة ٥ آية ٣٢)

For this reason; We decreed for the Descendants of Israel that whoever kills a human being except in lieu of killing or causing turmoil in the earth, so it shall be as if he had killed all mankind; and whoever saves the life of one person, is as if he had saved the life of all mankind. (AlQuran – AlMaida 5 Ayat 32)

- وعن عبد الله بن عمر رضي الله عنهما قال‏:‏ قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم‏‏:‏ ‏ "‏خير الأصحاب عند الله تعالى خيرهم لصاحبه، وخير الجيران عند الله تعالى خيرهم لجاره‏ "‏‏(رواه الترمذي وقال‏:‏ حديث حسن‏‏)‏‏‏‏.

'Abdullah bin 'Umar (May Allah be pleased with them) reported: Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said, "The best of companions with Allah is the one who is best to his companions, and the best of neighbours to Allah is the one who is the best of them to his neighbour". (At-Tirmidhi Arabic/English book reference: Book 1, Hadith 311).

Seeking Good Knowledge/Education

- حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ مُحَمَّدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا وَكِيعٌ، عَنْ أُسَامَةَ بْنِ زَيْدٍ، عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ الْمُنْكَدِرِ، عَنْ جَابِرٍ‏:‏ قال رسول الله صلى الله عليه وسلم ‏:‏ ‏ "‏سَلُوا اللَّهَ عِلْمًا نَافِعًا وَتَعَوَّذُوا بِاللَّهِ مِنْ عِلْمٍ لاَ يَنْفَعُ"‏ ‏‏(‏سنن بن ماجه‏)‏‏‏‏.

It was narrated from Jabir (May Allah be pleased with him) that: The Messenger of Allahﷺ said: "Ask Allah for beneficial knowledge and seek refuge with Allah from knowledge that is of no benefit." (Sunan Ibn Majah 3843 in book reference: Book 34, Hadith 17; English Vol 5 Book 34, Hadith 3843).

Teaching Respect for Daughters/Women

- حَدَّثَنَا الْقَعْنَبِيُّ، عَنْ مَالِكٍ، وَحَدَّثَنَا مُسَدَّدُ بْنُ مُسَرْهَدٍ، حَدَّثَنَا يَحْيَى، عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللَّهِ، كِلاَهُمَا عَنْ نَافِعٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ عُمَرَ، أَنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم نَهَى عَنِ الشِّغَارِ ‏.‏ زَادَ مُسَدَّدٌ فِي حَدِيثِهِ قُلْتُ لِنَافِعٍ مَا الشِّغَارُ قَالَ يَنْكِحُ ابْنَةَ الرَّجُلِ وَيُنْكِحُهُ ابْنَتَهُ بِغَيْرِ صَدَاقٍ وَيَنْكِحُ أُخْتَ الرَّجُلِ وَيُنْكِحُهُ أُخْتَهُ بِغَيْرِ صَدَاقٍ.‏‏

Ibn ‘Umar said “The Apostle of Allaah(ﷺ) prohibited shighar marriage. Musaddad added in his version “I said to ‘Nafi “What is shighar?” (It means that) a man marries the daughter of another man and gives his own daughter to him in marriage without fixing dower; and a man marries the sister of another man and gives him his sister in marriage without fixing dower. (Sunan Abi Dawud 2074 in book reference: Book 12, Hadith 29; English Book 11, Hadith 2069).

Biography

Muhammad ﷺis the Final Prophet from Allah (God) to the mankind, was born to the most noble family of the city of Makkah¹ in the home of Abdullah ibn Abd al-Muttalib (عَبْد ٱلله ٱبْن عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب; 546–570) and Aminah bint Wahb (آمِنَة ٱبْنَت وَهْب‎ died 577) in the “Year of Elephants”² on Monday 12th Rabi-ul-Awal, 29th August 570 CE - 13th Rabi-ul-Awal 11 AH ,8 June 632 CE. Heﷺ belonged to Banu Hashim, a clan of Quraish Tribe a prominent family, and controller of Makkah and Kaabah³ since 5th century and are direct descendants⁴ of Ismail عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ. Hisﷺ grandfather Abd al-Muttalib Shaybah ibn Hashim (عَبْد ٱلْمُطَّلِب شَيْبَة ٱبْن هَاشِم‎, 497 – 578) Chief of Hashim Clan, looked after the pilgrims, provided food and water, and carried on the practices of his forefathers.

‏Muhammad ﷺ during his later youth, became a merchant and was involved in trade. Due to his upright character he earned name "Al-Amin" (الامين), meaning "faithful, trustworthy" and "Al-Sadiq" meaning "truthful". His ﷺreputation attracted a proposal in 595 CE from Khadijah رضي الله عنها, a 40-year-old widow. Muhammad ﷺconsented to the marriage, which by all accounts was a happy one. After the death of Khadijah رضي الله عنها, Muhammadﷺ married a number of women⁵ over this time period and all of them were widows except Āʾishah bint Abī Bakr ((عائشة بنت أبي بكر رضي الله عنها, for reasons of family bonds and to provide them support after Hisﷺ companions had died.

Muhammad ﷺ has four daughters and three sons from two wives⁶, and five grandsons and three granddaughters from four daughters⁷.

Muhammad ﷺ was born as an orphan but changed the life of Arabs with His Charismatic Leadership, Character, Training and Guidance; later these Arabs change the world. He ﷺ is resting under Green Dome in Al-Masjid An-Nabawi in the city of Medina in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia.

1.       Makkah: A city in Saudi Arabia known for religious activities of Islam i.e. Hajj and Umrah. The civilization of Makkah is believed to have started after Ibrahim عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ brought His wife Hajrah عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ and son Ismail عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ.

2.       “Year of Elephants”: The name is derived from an event said to have occurred at Mecca: Abraha, the Abyssinian, Christian ruler of Yemen, which was subject to the Kingdom of Aksum of Ethiopia, famous for a failed marched upon the Kaabah in Mecca with a large army, which included war elephants, intending to demolish it.

3.       Kaabah (ٱلْكَعْبَة ٱلْمُشَرَّفَة‎, 'Holy Ka'bah'): was the first House of Worship (Al-Imran 96). Islamic traditions hold that the Kaaba was first built by Adam عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ and that Ibrahim عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ and His son Ismail عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ rebuilt the Kaaba on the old foundations in the city of Makkah.

4.       Family Tree:

Muhammad ﷺibn Abdullah ibn 'Abdu'I-Muttalib (Shayba) ibn Hāshim (Amr) ibn ‘Abd Manāf (al-Mughira) ibn Qusai (Zayd) ibn Kilab ibn Murrah ibn Ka'b ibn Lu'ayy ibn Ghalib ibn Fihr ibn Mālik ibn al-Naḍr ibn Kināna ibn Khuzayma ibn Mudrika (Amir) ibn Ilyās ibn Muḍar ibn Nizār ibn Maʿadd ibn Adnan ibn Ad (Udad) ibn Ader ibn Alyesa ibn Alhamgesa ibn Salaman ibn Albinet ibn Hamel ibn Qedar ibn Ismail عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ ibn Ibrahim (the friend of the Compassionate) عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ ibn Azar (Terah) ibn Nahur ibn Serug ibn Reu ibn Peleg ibn Eber ibn Salah ibn Arpachshad ibn Shem ibn Noah عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ ibn Lamech  ibn Methuselah ibn Idris (Enoch) عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ ibn Jared ibn Mahalalel ibn Kenan ibn Enos ibn Seth عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ ibn Adam عَلَيْهِ ٱلسَّلَامُ.

5.       Wives of Prophet Muhammadﷺ the Mothers of the Believers (أمهات المؤمنين رضي الله عنهما):

i.                     Khadijah bint Khuwaylid (خَدِيجَة ٱبْنَت خُوَيْلِد رضي الله عنها‎)

ii.                   Sawda bint Zamʿa (سودة بنت زمعة رضي الله عنها‎)

iii.                 Āʾishah bint Abī Bakr ((عائشة بنت أبي بكر رضي الله عنها

iv.                 Ḥafṣah bint ʿUmar ((حفصة بنت عمر رضي الله عنها

v.                   Zaynab bint Khuzaymah ((زينب بنت خزيمة رضي الله عنها

vi.                 Umm Salama Hind bint Abi Umayya ((أُمّ سَلَمَة هِنْد ٱبْنَت أَبِي أُمَيَّة رضي الله عنها

vii.                Zaynab bint Jahsh ((زينب بنت جحش رضي الله عنها

viii.              Juwayriya bint al-Harith ((جويرية بنت الحارث رضي الله عنها

ix.                  Safiyyah bint Huyayy ((صَفِيَّة ٱبْنَت حُيَيّ رضي الله عنها

x.                   Umm Habiba Ramla bint Abi Sufyan ((أم حبيبة رملة بنت أبي سفيان رضي الله عنها

xi.                  Maria al-Qibtiyya (مارية القبطية رضي الله عنها‎)

xii.                Maymunah bint al-Harith al-Hilaliyah ((مَيْمُونَة ٱبْنَت ٱلَحَارِث ٱلْهِلَالِيَّة رضي الله عنها

6.       Children of Prophet Muhammadﷺ, all were born to Khadijah ((رضي الله عنها except Ibrahim ((رضي الله عنه, who was born to Maria al-Qibtiyya ((رضي الله عنها:

i               Qasim (  رضي الله عنهقاسم)  

ii              Zainab ( رضي الله عنهازينب ) married to Abu al-As ibn al-Rabi' - أبو العاص بن الربيع رضي الله عنه

iii             Ruqayyah (رقية رضي الله عنها) married to Uthman bin Affan - عثمان بن عفان  رضي الله عنه

iv             Umm Kalsoom (  رضي الله عنهاأم كلثوم  ) married to Uthman bin Affan  - عثمان بن عفان  رضي الله عنه

v              Abd-Allah ( رضي الله عنهعبدالله )

vi             Fatimah (  رضي الله عنهافَاطِمَة ) married to Ali ibn Abi Talib - عَلِيّ ٱبْن أَبِي طَالِب رضي الله عنه

vii            Ibrahim ( رضي الله عنهإِبْرَاهِيم )  

7.       Grand Children of Prophet Muhammadﷺ from three daughters:

I.              Zainab رضي الله عنها

i               Ali ibn Abu al-As((عَلِيّ بن ابو العاص رضي الله عنه

ii              Amamah bint Abu al-'As ((أمامة بنت ابو العاص رضي الله عنها married to Ali ibn Abi Talib - عَلِيّ ٱبْن أَبِي طَالِب رضي الله عنه

II.            Ruqayyah رضي الله عنها

iii             Abdullah Ibn Uthman - عَبْد ٱلله بن عثمان رضي الله عنه

III.           Fatimah رضي الله عنها 

iv             Al-Hasan ibn Ali -   ٱلْحَسَن ٱبْن عَلِيّ رضي  

v              Al-Husayn ibn Ali -  ٱلْحَسَن ٱبْن عَلِيّ رضي

vi             Muhsin ibn Ali ((مُحْسِن ٱبْن عَلِيّ رضي الله عنه

vii                  Zaynab bint Ali ( (زَيْنَب ٱبْنَت عَلِيّ رضي الله عنها married Abdullah ibn Ja'far (رضي الله عنه‎)

viii                Umm Kulthum bint Ali (أُمّ كُلْثُوم ٱبْنَت عَلِيّ رضي الله عنها‎ (married Umar Khaṭṭāb (رضي الله عنه‎)

Composer:

Dr Shagufta Perveen Distinguished Professor, CChem MRACI-AU, FRSC-UK, MACS-USA, a Scientist III at Department of Bacteriology, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison, USA for more information visit http://shaguftaperveen.com/.

Muhammad Yameen CPA, CMA
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